Coronary Heart Disease: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment According to Korean Medical Experts

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major health concern worldwide, including in Korea. It is a condition characterized by the narrowing of the coronary arteries due to plaque buildup, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and available treatments for CHD is crucial for managing and preventing this serious condition. In this article, we explore insights from Korean medical experts on coronary heart disease.

Symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease

1. Chest Pain (Angina)

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One of the most common symptoms of CHD is chest pain or discomfort, known as angina. This pain may feel like pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain in the center of the chest. It often occurs during physical activity or stress and usually subsides with rest.

2. Shortness of Breath

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Shortness of breath can occur when the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. This symptom may be noticed during physical exertion or even at rest in more severe cases.

3. Fatigue

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Unusual fatigue, particularly during activities that previously did not cause fatigue, can be a sign of CHD. This occurs because the heart is not pumping efficiently, leading to reduced oxygen supply to the muscles.

4. Palpitations

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Palpitations, or the sensation of a rapid, fluttering, or pounding heartbeat, can be another symptom of CHD. These may be felt in the chest, throat, or neck.

5. Dizziness or Lightheadedness

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Experiencing dizziness or lightheadedness can be a symptom of CHD, especially if it occurs alongside other symptoms like chest pain or shortness of breath.

6. Nausea and Sweating

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Nausea, along with sweating, can sometimes be associated with heart issues, including CHD. These symptoms should not be ignored, especially if they occur with chest discomfort.

Causes of Coronary Heart Disease

1. Atherosclerosis

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The primary cause of CHD is atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque made up of fat, cholesterol, and other substances builds up on the artery walls. This plaque can harden and narrow the arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart.

2. Risk Factors

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Several risk factors contribute to the development of CHD, including:

• High Blood Pressure: Causes damage to the artery walls, making them more susceptible to plaque buildup.
• High Cholesterol: Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol contribute to plaque formation.
• Smoking: Damages the lining of the arteries and promotes plaque buildup.
• Diabetes: Increases the risk of CHD due to its impact on blood vessels.
• Obesity: Contributes to high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol.
• Sedentary Lifestyle: Lack of physical activity is a significant risk factor.
• Unhealthy Diet: Diets high in saturated fats, trans fats, and sugars contribute to plaque buildup.
• Family History: A family history of heart disease increases the risk.

Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease

1. Lifestyle Changes

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Korean medical experts emphasize the importance of lifestyle modifications to manage CHD:

• Healthy Diet: Adopt a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
• Regular Exercise: Engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week.
• Weight Management: Achieve and maintain a healthy weight.
• Smoking Cessation: Quit smoking to improve heart health.
• Stress Management: Implement stress-reducing techniques like meditation and yoga.

2. Medications

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Several medications can help manage CHD by reducing symptoms and preventing complications:

• Statins: Lower cholesterol levels.
• Antiplatelet Agents: Prevent blood clots.
• Beta-Blockers: Reduce heart rate and blood pressure.
• ACE Inhibitors: Lower blood pressure and reduce the heart’s workload.
• Nitrates: Relieve chest pain by dilating blood vessels.

3. Medical Procedures

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In more severe cases, medical procedures may be necessary:

• Angioplasty and Stenting: A procedure to open narrowed arteries and insert a stent to keep them open.
• Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): Surgery to create a bypass around blocked arteries using a graft from another part of the body.

4. Cardiac Rehabilitation

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Cardiac rehabilitation programs are recommended for individuals recovering from CHD-related events. These programs include monitored exercise, nutritional counseling, and education on heart-healthy living.

Conclusion

Coronary heart disease is a serious condition that requires prompt recognition and management. By understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options, individuals can take proactive steps to protect their heart health. Korean medical experts highlight the importance of lifestyle changes, medication adherence, and, when necessary, medical procedures to manage CHD effectively. Regular check-ups and early intervention are key to preventing complications and improving quality of life.

Stay informed, adopt heart-healthy habits, and consult with healthcare providers for personalized advice on managing and preventing coronary heart disease.